Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Which type of government is likely to have more acceptable decisions?
- (a) Military
- (b) Dictatorship
- (c) Democracy
- (d) Monarchy
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Decisions in a democracy are more likely to be acceptable because they involve elected representatives who are accountable to citizens, and decisions are made through public participation and consensus-building.
Which of the following best describes a government where citizens can examine the decision-making process?
- (a) An accountable government
- (b) A responsible government
- (c) A transparent government
- (d) A stable government
Answer:
Option (a) is correct.
Explanation: An accountable government allows citizens to examine decision-making and hold the government responsible for its actions.
What aspect of democracy makes it better than other forms of government?
Answer:
Democracy is considered better because it is the people’s own government, ensuring participation and accountability.
Define an accountable government.
- (a) People have the right to elect their leaders and participate in decision-making.
- (b) People do not have the right to elect their leaders.
- (c) People are not part of the decision-making process.
- (d) Only privileged sections of society are allowed to vote.
Answer:
Option (a) is correct.
Explanation: An accountable government allows citizens to elect their leaders and participate in decision-making, ensuring responsibility and responsiveness.
Assertion and Reason Type Questions
Assertion: Democracy is an accountable, responsive, and legitimate government.
Reason: Democracies have regular, free, and fair elections, and decision-making is based on norms and procedures.
- (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
- (d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (a) is correct.
Explanation: In a democracy, regular elections and decisions based on norms ensure that the government is accountable, responsive, and legitimate.
Assertion: We are concerned with ensuring that people have the right to choose and control their rulers.
Reason: The most basic outcome of democracy is producing a government accountable to citizens and responsive to their needs.
- (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
- (d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (a) is correct.
Explanation: Democracy allows citizens to choose their rulers and hold them accountable. The reason supports this by emphasizing the importance of an accountable and responsive government.
The emergence of political parties is directly connected to the:
- (a) Monitory democracies
- (b) Direct democracies
- (c) Representative democracies
- (d) Constitutional democracies
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: In a representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. Political parties serve as primary vehicles for citizens to organize themselves and present their interests and ideologies.
Which of the following is true about democracy?
- (a) It guarantees automatic success and prosperity.
- (b) It promotes the rule of a single individual.
- (c) It establishes the necessary conditions for progress, but citizens must actively participate.
- (d) It prioritizes conformity and suppression of individual rights.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Democracy sets the framework for progress by providing mechanisms for citizen participation, safeguarding individual rights, and promoting accountability. However, the effectiveness of democracy depends on citizens’ active participation and engagement.
Which option best signifies this statement?
- (a) Demand for Government.
- (b) Democratic Government facing territorial issues with neighboring states.
- (c) Democratic Government coping with multiple pressures through accommodation.
- (d) Democratic Government accepting demands for a separate state.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Assertion: Democracy allows citizens to participate in decision-making processes.
Reason: Democracy aims to promote equality, ensuring that every individual’s voice is heard and their concerns are taken into account.
- (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
- (d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (a) is correct.
Explanation: Democracy indeed allows citizens to participate in decision-making through mechanisms like voting, public consultations, and policy discussions. It values equality among citizens and recognizes the importance of individual contributions.
Assertion: Democracy is not a panacea for all challenges.
Reason: While democracy can establish the necessary conditions for progress, its effectiveness depends on citizens actively utilizing those conditions to achieve their goals.
- (a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (b) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
- (c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
- (d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Answer:
Option (b) is correct.
Explanation: While the assertion is true (democracy has limitations), the reason does not directly explain why democracy cannot solve all challenges. Both statements are true, but the reason does not directly clarify the limitation of democracy.
What is meant by economic inequality?
- (a) It is a situation of equal distribution of wealth.
- (b) It is the unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
- (c) It is the distribution of wealth on the basis of gender.
- (d) It is the distribution of wealth on the basis of education.
Answer:
Option (b) is correct.
Explanation: Economic inequality refers to the disparity or unevenness in the distribution of income, wealth, and opportunities among individuals or groups within a society. It reflects the unequal distribution of resources, economic benefits, and access to opportunities such as education, healthcare, employment, and social mobility.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the distribution of economic benefits in democracies?
- (a) Incomes of both the rich and the poor have been increasing.
- (b) Incomes of both the rich and the poor have been declining.
- (c) Incomes of the rich have been increasing and those of the poor have been declining.
- (d) None of the above.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: In many democracies, there is a trend of growing income inequality where the rich tend to experience increasing incomes while the poor face stagnant or declining incomes. This scenario of unequal distribution of economic benefits raises concerns about social and economic disparities within a democratic society.
The persistence of economic disparities and poverty within democratic systems highlights the need for:
- (a) Less comprehensive measures
- (b) Reducing political participation
- (c) More effective measures for equitable distribution
- (d) A shift towards dictatorship
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: The persistence of economic disparities and poverty within democratic systems underscores the need for more comprehensive measures aimed at achieving equitable distribution of resources and opportunities. It calls for a focus on policy interventions and initiatives that effectively address poverty and reduce inequalities.
What tends to happen to the wealth and income distribution in many democracies?
- (a) The rich and poor have equal wealth and income.
- (b) The middle class benefits the most.
- (c) The rich amass a disproportionate share of wealth and income.
- (d) Poverty is completely eradicated.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: In many democracies, there is often a widening gap between the rich and the poor. The wealthy individuals tend to accumulate a disproportionate share of wealth and income, while those at the lower end of the socioeconomic ladder struggle to meet their basic needs. This pattern of wealth and income distribution contributes to economic inequalities within democratic societies.
Assertion (A): Bangladesh is a country where more than half of its population lives in luxury.
Reason (R): Sometimes the poor find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, house, education, and health.
- (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
- (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
Option (d) is correct.
Explanation: More than half of the population lives in poverty. Sometimes the poor find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life, such as food, clothing, housing, education, and healthcare. This contributes to the existence of economic disparities and poverty in many democracies, including Bangladesh.
Assertion: Empirical evidence indicates that dictatorships exhibited slightly higher rates of economic growth between 1950 and 2000.
Reason: Economic development depends on factors other than the type of government.
- (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
- (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
Option (b) is correct.
Explanation: The assertion is true, as empirical evidence shows that dictatorships exhibited slightly higher rates of economic growth between 1950 and 2000. The reason is also true, as economic development depends on various factors beyond the type of government but doesn’t explain the assertion directly.
‘Democratic governments have a much better record than any non-democratic regime.’
In lieu of the above given statement, find the incorrect option regarding democracy from the following:
- (a) Democracy enhances the dignity of the individual.
- (b) It provides a method to resolve conflicts.
- (c) Improves the quality of decision-making.
- (d) Allows room to make more mistakes.
Answer:
Option (d) is correct.
Explanation: The statement that democracy allows room to make more mistakes is not accurate. While democracy is not flawless and mistakes can occur, it does not inherently provide more room for mistakes compared to non-democratic regimes. In fact, one of the advantages of democracy is that it allows for accountability, transparency, and the participation of citizens, which can help minimize mistakes and improve decision-making processes.
What advantage do democracies offer in managing social divisions and conflicts?
- (a) Democracies completely eliminate conflicts among different groups.
- (b) Democracies suppress and ignore internal social differences.
- (c) Democracies provide tools and platforms for negotiating and resolving conflicts peacefully.
- (d) Democracies exacerbate social divisions and conflicts.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Democracies are characterized by the development of procedures and frameworks that allow for the fair conduct of competition and the peaceful resolution of conflicts. These mechanisms play a crucial role in reducing the likelihood of tensions escalating into explosive or violent confrontations. Democracies provide the necessary tools and platforms for negotiating and resolving conflicts in a peaceful manner, thereby accommodating social diversity and managing social divisions effectively.
How does democracy recognize the significance of dignity and freedom?
- (a) Democracy does not prioritize the dignity and freedom of its citizens.
- (b) Democracy ensures the subordination of certain individuals or groups.
- (c) Democracy challenges hierarchies and power imbalances, emphasizing the equality and inherent worth of all individuals.
- (d) Democracy disregards the struggle for women’s rights and equality.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Democracy recognizes the significance of dignity and freedom by challenging hierarchies and power imbalances that have historically subordinated certain individuals or groups. The principles of democracy emphasize the equality and inherent worth of all individuals, providing a legal and moral framework for individuals to challenge mistreatment and advocate for their rights. While challenges may persist, the recognition and inclusion of dignity and freedom within a democratic system empower individuals to value their democratic rights and work towards a more just and inclusive society.
Why is democracy considered an ongoing process?
- (a) Democracy is a static form of government that does not change over time.
- (b) Democracy does not respond to the evolving expectations of its citizens.
- (c) Democracy continually responds to the evolving expectations of its citizens and faces new challenges.
- (d) Democracy does not empower individuals to have a say in decision-making processes.
Answer:
Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Democracy is considered an ongoing process because it continually responds to the evolving expectations of its citizens and faces new challenges. As people experience the benefits of democracy and their aspirations grow, they demand improvements to enhance the democratic system. Individuals actively engage in decision-making processes, voice their concerns, and strive for better governance. This dynamic nature makes democracy an ongoing process that adapts to meet the needs and expectations of its citizens.
Assertion (A): Democracy increases not only expectations but also complaints.
Reason (R): Complaining is itself a testament to the success of democracy.
- (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
- (d) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
Option (b) is correct.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true. Democracy indeed increases not only expectations but also complaints. When people experience the benefits of democracy, their aspirations grow, and they strive for further improvements to enhance the democratic system. This leads to an increase in expectations and, consequently, complaints. However, the reason provided is not the correct explanation of the assertion. Complaining may be seen as a sign of democratic success, but it is not the sole reason for increased expectations and complaints.
What is the primary feature of a democratic government?
(a) Centralization of power
(b) Autocratic rule
(c) Popular participation and rey
(d) Monarchy
What is power sharing?
(a) Monopoly of power by a single authority
(b) Sharing of power
(c) Concentration of power in individuals
(d) Elimination of power in a society
What is the significance of RTI in a democracy?
(a) Restricts access to government information
(b) Encourages transparency and accountability
(c) Limits freedom of speech
(d) Empowers the judiciary
What is the importance of political parties in a democracy?
(a) Restricting political competition
(b) Promoting dictatorship
(c) Facilitating representation, competition, and choice
(d) Suppressing dissent
What is the significance of the 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Indian Constitution?
(a) Strengthening central government powers
(b) Introducing federalism
(c) Empowering local self-government institutions
(d) Abolishing democracy
Assertion (A): The Election Commission is an independent body in a democratic country.
Reason (R): Its independence ensures fair and unbiased conduct of elections.
Besides seeking more income, people also seek other things like:
(a) Equal treatment
(b) Respect of others
(c) Freedom
(d) All of these
National development means:
(a) Economic development
(b) Social development
(c) Political development
(d) All-round development
Quality of life depends on:
(a) Better education
(b) Better living standard
(c) More opportunities to earn
(d) All of these
What does UNDP stand for?
(a) United New Development Programme
(b) United New Development Policy
(c) United Nations Development Programme
(d) United Nations Development Policy
Which one of the following is a developmental goal of the factory workers?
(a) Better wages
(b) Better technology
(c) More hours of work
(d) More labor work
Study the pictures given below and answer the question that follows:
Which of the following aspects best signifies the above images?
(a) First image shows equality while the other shows inequality.
(b) First image shows inequality while the other shows equality.
(c) First image shows cooperation while the other shows non-cooperation.
(d) First image shows non-cooperation while the other shows cooperation.
Assertion (A): Development applies to all-round development of a country.
Reason (R): Development considers income as the only component.
Assertion (A): Per capita income is a better comparison tool to compare two nations.
Reason (R): Per capita income considers the population factor of a country.
“Income is not only the indicator of development while many other factors are also important.” Comment on this statement.
Income is not the sole indicator to judge development because many other factors are also indicators of development like education, liberty, security, health facilities, etc.
Write the names of the two most important bases to compare two different nations.
(i) National Income
(ii) Per Capita Income
Write any one goal of an industrialist that may not be a goal of a farmer.
To construct more dams.
What is the Infant Mortality Rate?
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is the number of infants who die before age one per 1000 live births annually.
HDI stands for:
(a) Human Development Index
(b) Human Development Idea
(c) Human Diversity Index
(d) None of the above
PDS stands for:
(a) Public Distribution System
(b) Public Development System
(c) Public Diversity System
(d) None of the above
Find the incorrect option from the following:
(a) For development, people look at a mix of goals.
(b) It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
(c) However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside.
(d) A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
In 2021, India stands in the HDI rank in the world.
(a) 131
(b) 130
(c) 132
(d) 129
Which one of the following best describes Human Development Index (HDI)?
(a) Improvement in science, information, and technology
(b) Improvement in health, education, and income
(c) Improvement in information and communication technology
(d) Improvement in all fields
Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
(a) Wind energy
(b) Coal
(c) Petroleum
(d) Wood
Which of the following is a non-renewable source of energy?
(a) Nuclear energy
(b) Wind energy
(c) Solar energy
(d) Wood
Development is not meaningful without considering:
(a) Sustainability
(b) Optimity
(c) Legality
(d) None of these
Which of the following statements defines sustainable development?
(a) Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the needs of future generations.
(b) Present generation fulfills its needs while considering the needs of future generations.
(c) It means utilization of natural resources by the past, present, and future generations.
(d) To meet the needs of the future generations even if the needs of the present generation go unmet.
What is the status of groundwater in India?
(a) There is enough groundwater available.
(b) Groundwater is under serious threat.
(c) Both statements follow.
(d) Neither statement follows.
“Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.” Which of the following is the essence of this statement?
(a) Economic development
(b) Human development
(c) Sustainable development
(d) National development
Development of the nation must be sustainable.
Reason (R): Sustainable development not only fulfills the present needs but also fulfills the future needs.
India has been facing the problem of environmental degradation.
Reason (R): This is largely due to the use of natural resources without considering the environment.
Development of a country can generally be determined by:
(a) Its per capita income
(b) Its average literacy levels
(c) Health status of its people
(d) All of these
Which of the following neighboring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
(a) Bangladesh
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
(d) Pakistan
Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is ₹5,000. If the income of three families is ₹4,000, ₹7,000, and ₹3,000 respectively. What is the income of the fourth family?
(a) ₹7,500
(b) ₹3,000
(c) ₹2,000
(d) ₹6,000
Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Primary Sector – Flower Cultivation
(b) Secondary Sector – Milk Vendor
(c) Tertiary Sector – Fisherman
(d) Manufacturing Sector – Gardener
Which one of the following is an example of a secondary sector activity?
(a) Banking
(b) Outsourcing
(c) Farming
(d) Banking
According to 2017-2018 data, the share of different sectors in employment (percentage) in India was:
Primary Sector – 44%
Secondary Sector – 25%
Tertiary Sector – 31%
Out of the three sectors, why did the ratio of employment in the primary sector remain high?
(a) Workers in the primary sector are underemployed
(b) Low job opportunities in the secondary sector
(c) Efforts of labor are not equivalent in all the sectors
(d) Outsourcing of job opportunities in the secondary sector
Which of the following gives the correct explanation of Gross Domestic Product?
(a) The value of final goods and services added for secondary and tertiary sectors for one year
(b) The value of final goods added for primary sector for one year
(c) The value of final goods and services added up for all three sectors for one year
(d) The value of final goods added for all three sectors for one year
Fill in the blank:
SECTOR CRITERIA USED
Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Nature of economic activity
Organised & Unorganised?
OPTIONS:
(a) Nature of employment activities
(b) Nature of social activities
(c) Nature of production activities
(d) Nature of political activities
Ans. Option (a) is correct.
Choose the correct option from the following:
List 1 (Example) List II (Sector)
(a) Courier – Tertiary Sector
(b) Fisherman – Secondary Sector
(c) Carpenter – Primary Sector
(d) Transporter – Secondary Sector
Ans. Option (a) is correct.
If there is a disruption by transporters and lorries refuse to transport vegetables, milk, etc. from rural areas to urban areas, food will become scarce in urban areas, whereas farmers will be unable to sell their products.
Which of the following sectors will be affected due to this situation?
(a) Primary and Secondary
(b) Secondary and Tertiary
(c) Tertiary, Primary and Secondary
(d) Tertiary and Primary
Ans. Option (c) is correct.
Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
(i) Assertion (A): Not every good or service that is produced and sold needs to be counted to know the total production in each sector.
Reason (R): The value of final goods already includes the value of all the intermediate goods.
Ans. Option (a) is correct.
(ii) Assertion (A): Service sector in our country has replaced the primary and secondary sector in terms of contribution in GDP.
Reason (R): The development of primary and secondary sectors gives rise to the service sector.
Ans. Option (a) is correct.
Objective Type Questions:
Organised sector is also called:
(a) Formal Sector
(b) Informal Sector
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Ans. Option (a) is correct.
Which of the following is from the organised sector?
(a) Weaver
(b) Bank Clerk
(c) Carpenter
(d) None of these
Ans. Option (b) is correct.
The woman in the given picture has been working in the organised sector.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Ans. Option (a) is correct.
Which of the following is a precondition of being called the organised sector?
(a) Low paid wages
(b) Regular terms of employment
(c) No security of employment
(d) Rules of employment are not followed
Ans. Option (b) is correct.
Which of the following examples falls under the organised sector?
(a) A daily wage labourer working for a contractor
(b) An engineer getting all employment benefits
(c) A cleaning staff in a private school
(d) A tailor stitching clothes at his home
Ans. Option (b) is correct.
Assertion and Reason Type Questions:
(i) Assertion (A): Rakesh is an educated and skilled worker who earns a high monthly salary as he is employed in a private bank in a city.
Reason (R): All service sectors in India are growing extremely well and each individual engaged in any kind of tertiary activity earns a high income.
Ans. Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: In India, not the entire service sector is growing equally well. The service sector employs many different kinds of people, from those with highly skilled jobs to those with low-paying, manual tasks.
(ii) Assertion (A): Reliance Industries is a privately owned firm.
Reason (R): Government is a major stakeholder in Reliance Industries.
Ans. Option (c) is correct.
Explanation: Reliance Industries is a privately owned company, though the government may have some influence or investment in it.
